| ___Chapter 1___The DELWARA TEMPLES at Mt. ABU |  |
| ___Chapter 2___JAINA CAVE TEMPLES at ELLORA |  |
| ___Chapter 3___ARCHITECTURE in NORTHERN INDIA |  |
| ___Chapter 4___ARCHITECTURE in SOUTHERN INDIA |  |
| ___Chapter 5___TEMPLE CITIES on the MOUNTAINS |  |
| ___Chapter 6___ADINATHA TEMPLE at RANAKPUR |  |
| ___Chapter 7___JAINA PILGRIMAGE in NORTH INDIA |  |
| ___Chapter 8___JAINA PILGRIMAGE in SOUTH INDIA |  |
| ___Appendix___KALPA SUTRA, Jain Manuscript_ |  |
| JAINISM | BUDDHISM | |
| Founder | Kâsapa Vardhamâna | Gotama Siddhârtha |
| Honorific name | Mahâvîra (Great Hero), Jina | Buddha, Sâkyamuni |
| Nigantha Nâtaputta | Sâkyaputta | |
| Life | BC. 599-527, BC. 598-526 (Traditional) |
BC. 563-483, BC. 463-383 (Northern) |
| BC. 549-477, BC. 539-467, BC. 444-372 (Modern) |
BC. 623-543 (Southern) | |
| (Died at the age of 72) | (Died at the age of 80) | |
| Birth place | North of Vaishâli in Magadha | Lumbini Garden in Kapilavastu |
| at Kundagrâma town | Under a ashoka tree | |
| Native class | Kshatriya (Warrior class) | Kshatrya (Warrior class) |
| Jnatri clan | Shakya clan | |
| Parents | Kâshapa Siddhârtha | Shuddhodana |
| Trishalâ (Priyakarini) | Mâyâ (died 7days after the birth) | |
| Marriage | Marry Kaundinuya Yashoda | Marry Yashodarâ at age of 16 |
| Daughter, Anojjah (marry Jamali) | Son, Râhula | |
| Renunciation | become a shramana of Nigantha > at the age of 30 |
become a shramana at Maghada at the age of 29 |
| Enlightenment | after 12 years of asceticism begun Jina | afeter 6 years of penance and meditation begun Buddha |
| Place of enlightenment | Under Shala tree by the river Rijupâlikâ near Jrimbhikagrâma village |
Under Ashvattha (Bodhi) tree by the river Nairanjanâ near Gayâ |
| Place of the first sermon | Sârnâth (Migadâya, Deer park) | |
| Epistemology | Seven satyas (jiva, ajiva, âsrava, bandha, samvara, nirjarâ, moksha) | Four satyas (dukha-satya, samudaya-satya, nirodha-satya, marga-satya) |
| Syâdvâda (Relativism) | ||
| Practice | Asceticism, Ahimsâ (non violence) | Madhyamâ Pratipad (Middle Path) |
| Triratna (Samyagdarsana, Samyagjnana, Samyakcâritra) | Madyana Pratipad (Eight right paths) | |
| Five vows | non violence, not lying, not stealing, non illicit sex, non posession | non violence, not lying, not stealing, non illicit sex, temperance |
| Place of Nirvâna | Pâwâ near Nâlandâ (now Pâwâpuri) | Kushinagara (now Kasia), under Shala trees |
| Main disciples | Indrabhûti Gautama, Sudharman | Sâriputta, Mahâmoggallana |
| Order | Sangha | |
| Sacred books | Siddhânta (Âgama) | Tripitaka (Triple Basket) |
| Sacred language | Ardha-Magadhi | Pâli |
| Principle of teaching | "Tattvârthâdhigamasûtra" | |
| Story of former life | "Bhavisattakahâ" | "Jâtaka" (Birth) |
| Deification | Jina (spiritual victor) | Buddha (Awakened one) |
| 24 Tîrthankaras (Saviour) | Past 7 Buddhas (Past 24 Buddhas) | |
| 1st, Âdinâtha | Future Buddha (Maitreya) | |
| 23rd, Pârshvanâtha | Past present future 3000 Buddhas | |
| 24th, Mahâvira | Dhyani-Buddhas | |
| Sects | Digambara (Sky-clad) | Theravâda (Way of the Elders) |
| Shwetâmbara (White-clad) | Mahâyâna (Greater Vehicle) | |
| Terapantha (no temple) | Vajrayâna (Vehicle of Diamond) |
| _ |
| TIRTHANKARA |
Statue of a Tirthankara ( Jina )
| The founder of Jainism is Vardamana or Mahavira (Great Hero). But it is said that he is tha last Tirthankara or Jina (Victor) and the first one is Adinatha. All of Jain temples are dedicated to one of the 24 Tirthankaras. |
| Name of Tirthankara | Symbol & Complexion | |
| 1 st | Rishabha (Adinatha) | Bull, Gold |
| 2 nd | Ajita (Ajiya) | Elephant, Gold |
| 3 rd | Shambava | Horse, Gold |
| 4 th | Abinandana | Ape, Gold |
| 5 th | Sumati | Curlew, Gold |
| 6 th | Padmapraba (Paumappabha) | Lotus, Red |
| 7 th | Suparshuva | Swastika mark, Gold |
| 8 th | Chandraprabha (Chandappabha) | Crescent-moon, White |
| 9 th | Suvidhi (Puspadanta) | Crocodile, White |
| 10 th | Sitaranatha | Srivatsa mark, Gold |
| 11 th | Shureyansa | Rhinoceros, Gold |
| 12 th | Vaspujya | Buffalo, Red |
| 13 th | Vimala | Boar, Gold |
| 14 th | Ananta | Falcon, Gold |
| 15 th | Dharma (Damma) | Thunderbolt, Gold |
| 16 th | Shanti | Antelope, Gold |
| 17 th | Kunthu | Goat, Gold |
| 18 th | Ara | Nandyavarta mark, Gold |
| 19 th | Malli | Water-jar, Blue |
| 20 th | Suvrata | Tortoise, Black |
| 21 st | Nami | Blue water-lily, Gold |
| 22nd | Nemi (Aristanemi) | Conch shell, Black |
| 23 rd | Parshva (Pasa) | Serpent, Blue |
| 24 th | Mahavira (Vardhamana) | Lion, Gold |
| Bibliography |
| _ |
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